https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960s The 1960s (pronounced "nineteen-sixties") was a decade of the Gregorian
calendar that began ...... Also during the early '60s, surf rock emerged, a rock
subgenre that was centered in Southern California and based on beach and
surfing themes, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L22 60S ribosomal protein L22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL22 gene on Chromosome 1.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60s_70s_80s 60s 70s 80s is a triple A-side single, Namie Amuro's 33rd solo single under the Avex Trax label. It was released in CD and CD&DVD formats on March 12, 2008, 11 months since her previous single "Funky Town", and nearly nine months after her successful album Play.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_acidic_ribosomal_protein_P1 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPLP1 gene.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60second_Recap 60second Recap is an educational video project launched in September 2009 to provide 60-second video summaries and analysis of classic literature.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_acidic_ribosomal_protein_P2 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPLP2 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L6 60S ribosomal protein L6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL6 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L21 60S ribosomal protein L21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL21 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L7a 60S ribosomal protein L7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL7A gene.Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L13a 60S ribosomal protein L13a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL13A gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L23 60S ribosomal protein L23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL23 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L36a 60S ribosomal protein L36a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL36A gene.Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L4 60S ribosomal protein L4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL4 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L24 60S ribosomal protein L24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL24 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L32 60S ribosomal protein L32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL32 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L19 60S ribosomal protein L19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL19 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L10a 60S ribosomal protein L10a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL10A gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L18a 60S ribosomal protein L18a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL18A gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L8 60S ribosomal protein L8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL8 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L30 60S ribosomal protein L30 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL30 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L35a 60S ribosomal protein L35a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL35A gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L27a 60S ribosomal protein L27a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL27A gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L39 60S ribosomal protein L39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL39 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L18 60S ribosomal protein L18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL18 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L41 60S ribosomal protein L41 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL41 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L17 60S ribosomal protein L17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL17 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L15 60S ribosomal protein L15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL15 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L37 60S ribosomal protein L37 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL37 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L9 60S ribosomal protein L9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL9 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L37a 60S ribosomal protein L37a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL37A gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L27 60S ribosomal protein L27 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL27 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2760s_on_6 The '60s on 6 (or just The '60s) is a commercial-free, satellite radio station on the Sirius XM Radio platform.
//www.ask.com/youtube?q=60s&v=uVNtTuxEUBI 25 Jan 2017 ... It was a time of turmoil. It was a time of change. A nation looked inward,
reevaluating what it was and what it hoped to be. Half a century later, ...
//www.ask.com/youtube?q=60s&v=dQPRifMqUYA 5. März 2014 ... Über 3 1/2 Stunden die besten und beliebtesten Hits, die dieses Jahrzehnt zu
bieten hatte! 69 TOP HITS aus den 60er Jahren!
https://www.radio.de/s/on60s ON 60s Internetradio kostenlos online hören auf radio.de. Alle Radiostreams und
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https://open.spotify.com/playlist/37i9dQZF1DXaKIA8E7WcJj All Out 60s. By Spotify. The essential tracks from a decade of revolutions. 97
songs. Play on Spotify. 1. God Only Knows - RemasteredThe Beach Boys • Pet ...
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The 1960s (pronounced "nineteen-sixties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1960, and ended on 31 December 1969. The term "1960s" also refers to an era more often called the Sixties, denoting the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends around the globe. This "cultural decade" is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 with the Kennedy assassination and ending around 1974 with the Watergate scandal. "The Sixties", as they are known in both scholarship and popular culture, is a term used by historians, journalists, and other objective academics; in some cases nostalgically to describe the counterculture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, sexuality, formalities, and schooling; and in others pejoratively to denounce the decade as one of irresponsible excess, flamboyance, and decay of social order. The decade was also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time, but also because of the emergence of a wide range of music; from a folk music revival, to the Beatles revolution, to the serious lyrics of Bob Dylan and Paul Simon. Norms of all kinds were broken down, especially in regards to civil rights and expectations the men would go off to meaningless wars.
by RockandRoll https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEg6015_6F4 Best of rock 'n' roll mix - 50s & 60s. The greatest party rock and roll mix with the hits from the 50s & 60s. Visit us on facebook: ...
by As/Is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrf8cPr6wUA Not Happy With Your Modern Day Life? Check Out What Life Was Like in 60s! Share on Facebook: http://on.fb.me/16cu2R5 Share on Twitter: http://bit.ly/16cu6jP ...
by Blues R&B Soul Experience https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C01njmlL-fs Blues Rock Songs 60's 70's Playlist - 60s & 70s Blues Rock Music Hits Playlist ------------ ------------- ○ Thank you for seeing my video: ○ Share this ...
by The Ultimate Fashion History https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-cfQYa3kY0 Let's sort our Sixties out! This time on The Ultimate Fashion History's "Speaking of Fashion" series, we'll figure out how to instantly recognize the differences ...
by PostmodernJukebox https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoBlp6qvFqg See PMJ live: http://pmjlive.com?IQid=Youtube |Get the song: http://smarturl.it/pmjsepia | Subscribe: http://bit.ly/subPMJ Our first video of 2019 stars Joey Cook, ...
by ABC News In-depth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqEWexZ0ISg The 1960s were the days when kids played outside, fixed billy-carts and day-dreamed about hot rods. In this story from This Day Tonight, aired on August 28th, ...
by Cox Content https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gchjt_cZTU Welcome to a new series! I usually follow off of Billboards charts almost exclusively, but this is one of my first hand made charts. I did WEEKS of research looking ...
by ToniBasilsHouse https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZdvihA7Y1A FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY! I do not own any rights to the music or footage in this video. The Twist 0:16 Chubby Checker 0:26 Teri Garr and Dorothy ...
by Sen Vàng Tivi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5_sX5llo1A Cuộc Sống Sài Gòn: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9eJkmwCJP8&list=PLoA6X0FcTHIGHbZg3EIFjTG8xE0ylK66g ▻▻Bộ phận ĐỘC NHẤT của lợn: ...
by MoMo Lisa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttJEWp0TWFI Greatest Rock N Roll Vietnam War Music 60s and 70s Classic Rock Songs Vol.2 Greatest Rock N Roll Vietnam War Music 60s and 70s Classic Rock Songs ...
by PostmodernJukebox https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnHVMcPyMXc Download: http://flyt.it/shoppmj_yt Get tix to see PMJ: http://www.pmjtour.com Read more: http://postmodernjukebox.com/post/new... We gave NSYNC's hit, "Bye ...
by PLAYaudio - Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtmGqIHHLJw uno spettacolare tuffo negli anni 60 nelle particolari interpretazioni di Denise King e Ronnie Jones. 00:00:00 At least - Denise King 00:05:01 Georgia on my ...
by Country Music Collection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3xm0f585cY Best Old Classic Country Songs Of 1960s - Top Greatest 60s Country Music Hits ▻ Subscribe For More: https://goo.gl/7RWcWn ▻ Invite you to watch ✓ Best ...
by MoMo Lisa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKoRp9uatso Best Rock Songs Vietnam War Music - Best Classic Rock - 60s and 70s Rock Playlist Best Rock Songs Vietnam War Music - Best Classic Rock - 60s and 70s ...
by Ngọc Danh https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29uKPS8iQQ0 Support the stream: https://streamlabs.com/ngcdanhlmht KÊNH MỚI CỦA DANH MONG AE ỦNG HỘ ------------------------------------------------------------ FB ...
by Music Collection 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24vPZhIC6VM 60s Acoustic - 60s Music Hits - Best Songs Of The 1960s 60s Acoustic - 60s Music Hits - Best Songs Of The 1960s 60s Acoustic - 60s Music Hits - Best Songs Of ...
by Cream City Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nx2SzFz2xyw We got super amped when our first shipment of Gibson Les Paul Standard '60s models arrived at Cream City Music. Long the favorite era of neck profile for the ...
by Just Good Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KklaGoZv1E "The Spirit of Elvis" presents a selection of bluesy 'roots' gems from Elvis' first recording sessions after his return from the army. These Nashville-Sessions took ...
by Country Music Collection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o_FqMZ8OKA Best Classic Country Songs Of 50s 60s - Top 100 Golden Oldies Country Songs Of 50s 60s ▻ Subscribe For More: https://goo.gl/7RWcWn ▻ Invite you to watch ...
by 한국인이 좋아하는 팝송 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoFQsUmqiMM 추억의 팝송명곡모음 || 올드 팝송 명곡 베스트 || Best 60s 70s 80s and 90s Pops ○ 유튜브 음원 등록에 대해서 저작권상 문제가 있다면 알려주시면 바로...
by Steve Vasileiou https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLRQqe2kZUI WWW.DJSTEVE.CASTER.FM PLAYLIST The Charms - Το τρελοκόριτσο The Idols - Ξαφνικά με αγαπάς The Idols - Ένα κορίτσι μου 'χε πει The Daltons -...
by REACT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSNc6podEEg Watch all Do They Know It Eps! https://goo.gl/uAVnoI Watch all REACT channel videos from this week! https://goo.gl/th0yyt Watch latest FBE videos: ...
by Jackie Wyers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd4S73eY8YQ Hey hey it's Jackie & I'm back with a Halloween 2017 \ Vintage Vibes inspired tutorial, where we are recreating the Iconic Twiggy 60's makeup, cropped hairstyle ...
by Assertonsin [Asmongold Stream Reactions] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwTwzDQ1Wcg Subscribe for more Asmongold. Original Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rK-XGqAMqH4 & https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esqFRWN80j8 ...
by Country Collection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aor9eJi6uNs Top 100 Classic Country Rock Of 60s 70s 80s 90s - Greatest Old Country Rock Of 60s 70s 80s 90s ▽ Follow Country Collection ➞Subscribe for More: ...
by session https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JT-pE8BNtQs Es ist soweit! Wir haben die neuen Gibson Les Paul Standards bei uns im Videostudio! Und Olli schaut natürlich ganz genau hin! Was er für euch hat, seht und ...
by WatchMojo.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GguZfPu2kDQ A little folk, a little psychedelia and plenty of rock classics. Join http://www.WatchMojo.com as we count down our picks for the Top 10 Billboard Chart Topping ...
by Cream City Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4kMH5JO1h8 Our loyal subscribers have been asking for more Telecaster vids from us so in a salute to all of you our latest episode of Tone Check our guy Aram Feriants puts ...
by Rock Rock. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25LdZQuZJtc Music can be magic and powerful, managing to touch our emotions. Music can connect with others such as our culture and our language. We realize something ...
by Paolo Marangone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uyx4liy1wYM Do you wanna learn to play guitar with FENDER method? Click here: --▻ https://prf.hn/click/camref:1101l4nr3 Here is my personal choice of my favorite riffs of ...
by Blues R&B Soul Experience https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etRRErv5b2Q 60s & 70s Blues Rock Music Hits Playlist - Greatest 1960's & 1970's Blues Rock Songs ------------ ------------- ○ Thank you for seeing my video: ...
by Gusso Colins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i3vNMX4k9s Los Grandes Años del Rock de los 50s y 60s Chubby Checker - Let´s Twist Again Dell Shannon - Runaway Sam the Sham the Pharaoes - Wooly Bully Ray ...
by Slikhaar TV - Mens hair https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cZP0Ot-uXQ Men's fashion inspired hairstyle! In this tutorial Ulises shows you how to get a cool hairstyle with some cool '60s-vibes. Emil is modeling and the glasses are on ...
by Sen Vang News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EvfxH5LucQ Cuộc Sống Sài Gòn: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9eJkmwCJP8&list=PLoA6X0FcTHIGHbZg3EIFjTG8xE0ylK66g ▻▻Bộ phận ĐỘC NHẤT của lợn: ...
by Gusso Colins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOE-ym1TE0k Nuestras Canciones del Recuerdo de finales de los 60s a los años 70s Massiel - Rosas en el Mar Leonardo Favio - Fuiste mía un Verano Piero - Mi Viejo Estela ...
by Country Collection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fp097PVbTJc Best Classic Country Songs Of 50s 60s - Greatest Old Country Music Of 1950s 1960s ▽ Follow Country Collection ➞Subscribe for More: https://goo.gl/HQTNeJ ...
by Saregama Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rhF0JoBwh8 Song Details - Film - Chaudhvin Ka Chand Song - Chaudhvin Ka Chand Ho Singer - Mohammed Rafi Music Director - Ravi Lyricist - Shakeel Badayuni ...
by Country Collection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EnZTCB10DU Best Classic Country Songs Of 50s 60s - Golden Country Music Hits Of 50s 60s Collection ▽ Follow Country Collection ➞Subscribe for More: ...
by MEME Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCRZMNEF_xQ Follow My FanPAGE : https://www.facebook.com/opmmusicdance/ Thanks YOU! LOVE ALL Tom Jones, Andy Williams, Matt Monro, Engelbert Humperdinck _ ...
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https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2yvmmj Outstanding high quality collection of the most popular and memorable TV Theme songs. It also includes some hard to find gem. What's your favorite one? ✭ Download hi-quality sound: iTunes ► http://tinyurl.com/oae8jmx 01. Nick Tate - MacGyver - 0:00 02 Animotion - The Addams Family - 1:13 03. Julian Moore - Simon & Simon - 2:03 04. Doug Ross - ER (Emergency Room) - 3:39 05. Matrix - X-Files - 5:29 06. Ron Evans - Fringe - 6:58 07. Scott Simmons - Dexter - 10:33 08. Juno 80 - V-Visitors - 12:11 0...
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6hm2e7 Cardi B dropped her highly-anticipated album 'Invasion Of Privacy' last night, and one of her most danceable tracks is the bilingual Bad Bunny and J Balvin collaboration “I Like It.” Fans may have noticed that it samples the classic 1967 song “I Like It Like That” by Pete Rodriguez.
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2yvmn4 Outstanding high quality collection of the most popular and memorable TV Theme songs. It also includes some hard to find gem. What's your favorite one? ✭ Download hi-quality sound: iTunes ► http://tinyurl.com/oae8jmx ► TRACK LIST: 01. Emily Clarke - Sex and The City - 0:00 02. John Carter & Soulsonic - Hawaii Five-0 - 1:25 03. Robin Butler - The Benny Hill Show - 3:39 04. Peter Seymour - A-Team - 5:41 05. David Chestain - Magnum P.I. - 8:14 06. Patrick Forsey - Mission Impossible - 10:01 07. ...
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2n1x4b COMPÁRTELO CON TUS AMIGOS, COMENTA Y NO OLVIDES SUSCRIBIRTE! https://t.co/ICTrpbGXot Románticas del Rock & Roll de los 60s by #RickDj Tracklist: 1-. Siempre te amaré - Los Reno 00:00 2-. Mi Pueblo - César Costa 02:23 3-. Fue en un Café - Los Apson 04:44 4-. Magia Blanca - Los Hermanos Carrión 07:49 5-. El Ültimo Beso - Los Apson 11:05 6-. Anoche no Dormí - Los Teen Tops 13:38 7-. Lo Siento - Lety Cisneros 15:58 8-. Al Ritmo de la Lluvia - Los Sleepers 18:21 9-. Tu cabeza en...
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7ojmv8 TOWI Films Presents latest Hindi Video Song of 2019 "Khuda Raazi " from upcoming movie "Luv U Turn" In the voice of " Jubin Nautiyal", composed by "Prem Anand" and the lyrics of this new song are penned by " Sunil Sirvaiya". _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Song Credits : Song- Khuda Raazi Music Director- Prem Anand Singers- Jubin Nautiyal and Akanksha Sharma Lyrics- Sunil Sirvaiya Song arranger and programmer- ...
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3fala Premier spot de la trilogie des couleurs BRAVIA. Publicité réalisée en juillet 2005 à travers laquelle on visualise quelques 250 000 balles de couleurs déferlant dans les rues de San Francisco ! Plus d'infos sur www.sony.fr
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7oc9yw A pair of costumes worn by the caped crusaders themselves, in the 60’s Batman series are going up for grabs! Buzz60’s Mercer Morrison has the story.
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7dkmvw The Live Well Club is an online club for the Over 50s, 60s, 70s and seniors. It includes the latest information on lifestyle matters, ideas, and promotions offers. Through the LIVE WELL Club, readers and members can interact with each other at any time and from anywhere. We have members from all over Australia and from many other countries. Whether you are over 50, over 60, over 70 or beyond, readers and members can join like-minded people for the latest information on lifestyle matters as well as share ...
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7lmhg3 According to data from Experian, borrowers at age 30 and age 60 tend to have very similar student loan balances. The average 30-year-old borrower owes $36,406, and the average 60-year-old borrower owes $35,637. In a separate study, Experian also found that the amount parents borrowed for their children has increased by 38% since 2015. Business Insider reports that many parents who are nearing retirement age are taking on student loans for their kids.
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x12g0yx Ever wonder what the Playboy Club was like back in the 1960s? A video posted by British Pathé on YouTube gives us a glimpse at what life was like at the London Playboy Club. One word: Shagadelic.
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7fxmse I want to leave a warning to everyone who follows this channel. Our intention is to always promote our favorite singer with videos for her fans. And with this we talked to the team of Angelica and decided that we will not put on this channel editions of videos of new songs or videos authored by Angelica. Let's hope these videos and songs of your own come out first on your official channel. For this reason, I removed from my channel the song and clip OVERCOME from your new album. We'll be waiting for the off...
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xaqb0f Take a musical journey back in time to relive the magic of the 60's, when our favorite bands played all their great hits on Shindig, Hullabaloo, The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour and of course The Ed Sullivan Show. From the day the Beatles landed in America right through to the social event that defined a generation, Woodstock. Checkered Past pilots the "Wayback Machine" through a show that sounds, looks and feels like the best performances of the 60's top bands. Featuring songs by The Beatles, ...
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5ssth Grâce à Pepsi, 6 grandes stars du ballon rond réalisent le rêve footballistique de jeunes du monde entier. Retrouve Ronaldinho, Messi, Henry, Beckham, Fabregas et Lampard dans des situations aussi surprenantes que variées : du paysage lunaire dévasté à l’atmosphère délicieuse d’une plage idyllique en passant par la jungle de taxis newyorkais, les images défilent aux rythme des dribbles. Un film plein d’humour, de surprises, de cascades et des effets spéciaux dignes des meilleurs films hollywoodiens.
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xrihl3 Sites webs/blogs, copiez cette vidéo avec le bouton "code embed" ! Si vous voulez télécharger, allez sur http://myreplay.tv/v/mkuW4sIC . La nouvelle tenante du titre Katy Lucy , chanteuse au style rétro, interprète un titre de son album: "Les Années 60s" Site internet de IDF1 : http://www.idf1.fr . Pour exploitation TV, droits réservés, nous contacter sur http://wizdeo.com/s/banqueimages
"'60s" redirects here. For decades comprising years 60–69 of other centuries, see List of decades. For the CNN documentary miniseries, see The Sixties (miniseries).
The 1960s (pronounced "nineteen-sixties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1960, and ended on 31 December 1969.[1]
The term "1960s" also refers to an era more often called the Sixties, denoting the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends around the globe. This "cultural decade" is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 with the Kennedy assassination and ending around 1974 with the Watergate scandal.[2][3]
Overview
"The Sixties", as they are known in both scholarship and popular culture, is a term used by historians, journalists, and other objective academics; in some cases nostalgically to describe the counterculture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, sexuality, formalities, and schooling; and in others pejoratively [citation needed] to denounce the decade as one of irresponsible excess, flamboyance, and decay of social order. The decade was also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism[citation needed] and sexism that occurred during this time, but also because of the emergence of a wide range of music; from a folk music revival, to the Beatles revolution, to the serious lyrics of Bob Dylan and Paul Simon. Norms of all kinds were broken down, especially in regards to civil rights and expectations the men would go off to meaningless wars.
Commentator Christopher Booker[4] described this era as a classical Jungian nightmare cycle, where a rigid culture, unable to contain the demands for greater individual freedom, broke free of the social constraints of the previous age through extreme deviation from the norm. He charts the rise, success, fall/nightmare and explosion in the London scene of the 1960s. Several Western nations such as the United States, United Kingdom, France, and West Germany turned to the political left in the early and mid-1960s.
By the end of the 1950s, war-ravaged Europe had largely finished reconstruction and began a tremendous economic boom. World War II had brought about a huge leveling of social classes in which the remnants of the old feudal gentry disappeared. There was a major expansion of the middle class in western European countries and by the 1960s, many working-class people in Western Europe could afford a radio, television, refrigerator, and motor vehicle. Meanwhile, the East such as the Soviet union and other Warsaw Pact countries were improving quickly after rebuilding from WWII. Real GDP growth averaged 6% a year during the second half of the decade. Thus, the overall worldwide economic trend in the 1960s was one of prosperity, expansion of the middle class, and the proliferation of new domestic technology.
The confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union dominated geopolitics during the '60s, with the struggle expanding into developing nations in Latin America, Africa, and Asia as the Soviet Union moved from being a regional to a truly global superpower and began vying for influence in the developing world. After President Kennedy's assassination, direct tensions between the US and Soviet Union cooled and the superpower confrontation moved into a contest for control of the Third World, a battle characterized by proxy wars, funding of insurgencies, and puppet governments.
1961 – Substantial (approximately 700) American advisory forces first arrive in Vietnam.
1962 – By mid-1962, the number of U.S. military advisers in South Vietnam had risen from 900 to 12,000.
1963 – By the time of U.S. President John F. Kennedy's death there were 16,000 American military personnel in South Vietnam, up from Eisenhower's 900 advisors to cope with rising guerrilla activity in Vietnam.[9]
1964 – In direct response to the minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin incident which occurred on 2 August 1964, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress, was passed on 10 August 1964. The resolution gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. The Johnson administration subsequently cited the resolution as legal authority for its rapid escalation of U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War.[10]
1966 – After 1966, with the draft in place more than 500,000 troops were sent to Vietnam by the Johnson administration and college attendance soars.
The Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) – an unsuccessful attempt by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba with support from U.S. government armed forces, to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974) – the war was fought between Portugal's military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal's African colonies. It was a decisive ideological struggle and armed conflict of the cold war in African (Portuguese Africa and surrounding nations) and European (mainland Portugal) scenarios. Unlike other European nations, the Portuguese regime did not leave its African colonies, or the overseas provinces, during the 1950s and 1960s. During the 1960s, various armed independence movements, most prominently led by communist-led parties who cooperated under the CONCP umbrella and pro-U.S. groups, became active in these areas, most notably in Angola, Mozambique, and Portuguese Guinea. During the war, several atrocities were committed by all forces involved in the conflict.
Cultural Revolution in China (1966–1976) – a period of widespread social and political upheaval in the People's Republic of China which was launched by Mao Zedong, the chairman of the Communist Party of China. Mao alleged that "liberal bourgeois" elements were permeating the party and society at large and that they wanted to restore capitalism. Mao insisted that these elements be removed through post-revolutionary class struggle by mobilizing the thoughts and actions of China's youth, who formed Red Guards groups around the country. The movement subsequently spread into the military, urban workers, and the party leadership itself. Although Mao himself officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969, the power struggles and political instability between 1969 and the arrest of the Gang of Four in 1976 are now also widely regarded as part of the Revolution.
The Naxalite movement in India began in 1967 with an armed uprising of tribals against local landlords in the village of Naxalbari, West Bengal, led by certain leaders of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). The movement was influenced by Mao Zedong's ideology and spread to many tribal districts in Eastern India, gaining strong support among the radical urban youth. After counter-insurgency operations by the police, military and paramilitary forces, the movement fragmented but is still active in many districts.
The Compton's Cafeteria Riot occurred in August 1966 in the Tenderloin district of San Francisco. This incident was one of the first recorded transgender riots in United States history, preceding the more famous 1969 Stonewall Riots in New York City by three years.
The Stonewall riots occurred in June 1969 in New York City. The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations against a police raid that took place in the Stonewall Inn, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. They are frequently cited as the first instance in American history when people in the homosexual community fought back against a government-sponsored system that persecuted sexual minorities, and they have become the defining event that marked the start of the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world.
In 1967, the National Farmers Organization withheld milk supplies for 15 days as part of an effort to induce a quota system to stabilize prices.
Mass socialist or Communist movement in most European countries (particularly France and Italy), with which the student-based new left was able to forge a connection. The most spectacular manifestation of this was the May student revolt of 1968 in Paris that linked up with a general strike of ten million workers called by the trade unions; and for a few days seemed capable of overthrowing the government of Charles de Gaulle. De Gaulle went off to visit French troops in Germany to check on their loyalty. Major concessions were won for trade union rights, higher minimum wages and better working conditions.
University students protested in the hundreds of thousands against the Vietnam War in London, Paris, Berlin and Rome.
In Eastern Europe students also drew inspiration from the protests in the West. In Poland and Yugoslavia they protested against restrictions on free speech by communist regimes.
The Tlatelolco massacre – was a government massacre of student and civilian protesters and bystanders that took place during the afternoon and night of 2 October 1968, in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas in the Tlatelolco section of Mexico City.
On 1 September 1969, a small group of military officers led by the army officer Muammar Gaddafi overthrows monarchy in Libya.
Nuclear threats
Pictures of Soviet missile silos in Cuba, taken by United States spy planes on 1 November 1962.
The Cuban Missile Crisis (16–28 October 1962) – a near-military confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union about the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba. After an American Naval (quarantine) blockade of Cuba the Soviet Union under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev agreed to remove their missiles from Cuba in exchange for the U.S. removing its missiles from Turkey.
1960 – 1960 United States presidential election – The very close campaign was the series of four Kennedy–Nixon debates; they were the first presidential debates held on television. Kennedy won a close election.
1961 – President John F. Kennedy promised some more aggressive confrontation with the Soviet Union; he also established the Peace Corps.
1963 - Betty Friedan published the book The Feminine Mystique, reawakening the feminist movement and being largely responsible for its second wave.
1963 – Kennedy was assassinated and replaced by Vice President Lyndon Johnson. The nation was in shock. For the next half-century, conspiracy theorists concocted numerous alternative explanations to the official report that a lone gunman killed Kennedy.
1964 – Johnson pressed for civil rights legislation. Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. This landmark piece of legislation in the United States outlawed racial segregation in schools, public places, and employment. The first black riots erupt in major cities.
1964 – Johnson was reelected over Conservative spokesman Senator Barry Goldwater by wide landslide; Liberals gained full control of Congress.
1964 – Wilderness Act signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on 3 September.
1965 – After the events of the Selma to Montgomery marches the National Voting Rights Act of 1965 was lobbied for, and then signed into law, by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The Voting Rights Act outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had caused the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the United States.
1969 – U.S. President Richard Nixon was inaugurated in January 1969; promised "peace with honor" to end the Vietnam War .
Canada
The Quiet Revolution in Quebec altered the province-city-state into a more secular society. The Jean Lesage Liberal government created a welfare state État-Providence and fomented the rise of active nationalism among Francophone French-speaking Quebecer|Québécois.
On 15 February 1965, the new Flag of Canada was adopted in Canada, after much anticipated debate known as the Great Canadian Flag Debate.
In 1960, the Canadian Bill of Rights becomes law, and suffrage, and the right for any Canadian citizen to vote, was finally adopted by John Diefenbaker's Progressive Conservative government. The new election act allowed First Nations people to vote for the first time.
Mexico
The peak of the student and New Left protests in 1968 coincided with political upheavals in a number of other countries. Although these events often sprung from completely different causes, they were influenced by reports and images of what was happening in the United States and France.[13]
By the late 1960s, Argentine revolutionary Che Guevara's famous image had become a popular symbol of rebellion for the New Left
Europe
East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall, 20 November 1961.
In October 1964, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev was expelled from office due to his increasingly erratic and authoritarian behavior. Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin then became the new leaders of the Soviet Union.[16]
In Czechoslovakia, 1968 was the year of Alexander Dubček's Prague Spring, a source of inspiration to many Western leftists who admired Dubček's "socialism with a human face". The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August ended these hopes and also fatally damaged the chances of the orthodox communist parties drawing many recruits from the student protest movement.[17]
Asia
China
Relations with the United States remained hostile during the 1960s, although representatives from both countries held periodic meetings in Warsaw, Poland (since there was no U.S. embassy in China). President Kennedy had plans to restore Sino-US relations, but his assassination, the war in Vietnam, and the Cultural Revolution put an end to that. Not until Richard Nixon took office in 1969 was there another opportunity.
Following Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's expulsion in 1964, Sino-Soviet relations devolved into open hostility. The Chinese were deeply disturbed by the Soviet suppression of the Prague Spring in 1968, as the latter now claimed the right to intervene in any country it saw as deviating from the correct path of socialism. Finally, in March 1969, armed clashes took place along the Sino-Soviet border in Manchuria. This drove the Chinese to restore relations with the U.S., as Mao Zedong decided that the Soviet Union was a much greater threat against them.
India
In India a literary and cultural movement started in Calcutta, Patna, and other cities by a group of writers and painters who called themselves "Hungryalists", or members of the Hungry generation. The band of writers wanted to change virtually everything and were arrested with several cases filed against them on various charges. They ultimately won these cases.[18]
Africa
On 1 September 1969, the Libyan monarchy was overthrown, and a radical, revolutionary, government headed by Col. Muammar al-Gadaffi took power.
South America
In 1964, a successful coup against the democratically elected government of Brazilian president João Goulart, initiated a military dictatorship that caused over 20 years of oppression.
The Argentine revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara travelled to Africa and then Bolivia in his campaigning to spread worldwide revolution. He was captured and executed in 1967 by the Bolivian army, and afterwards became an iconic figure for the left wing around the world.
The decade began with a recession from 1960–61, at that time unemployment was considered high at around 7%. In his campaign, John F. Kennedy promised to "get America moving again." His goal was economic growth of 4–6% per year and unemployment below 4%. To do this, he instituted a 7% tax credit for businesses that invest in new plants and equipment. By the end of the decade, median family income had risen from $8,540 in 1963 to $10,770 by 1969.[19]
Although the first half of the decade had low inflation, by 1966 Kennedy's tax credit had reduced unemployment to 3.7% and inflation remained below 2%. With the economy booming Johnson began his "Great Society" which vastly expanded social programs. By the end of the decade under Nixon, the combined inflation and unemployment rate known as the misery index (economics) had exploded to nearly 10% with inflation at 6.2% and unemployment at 3.5% and by 1975 the misery index was almost 20%.[20]
20 February 1961 Alphonse Songolo, former Minister of Communications of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gilbert Pongo, intelligence officer and communications official. Shot in Kisangani.
30 May 1961 – Rafael Trujillo Dictator of Dominican Republic for 31 years, by a number of plotters including a general in his army.
24 November 1963 – Lee Harvey Oswald, suspected assassin of President of the United States John F. Kennedy and Dallas Police Department officer J. D. Tippit. Assassinated by Jack Ruby on live television in the basement of the Dallas Police Department headquarters.
11 December 1964 – Sam Cooke, American singer-songwriter and civil rights activist, was shot at the age of 33 in the Hacienda Motel, in Los Angeles, California.
13 February 1965 – Humberto Delgado. Assassinated by Portuguese dictator Salazar's political police PIDE in Spain, near the Portuguese border.
21 February 1965 – Malcolm X. Assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam in New York City. There is a dispute about which members killed Malcolm X.
6 September 1966 – Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa and architect of apartheid was stabbed to death by Dimitri Tsafendas, a parliamentary messenger. He survived a previous attempt on his life in 1960.
The 1960 Valdivia earthquake, also known as the Great Chilean earthquake, is to date the most powerful earthquake ever recorded, rating 9.5 on the moment magnitude scale. It caused localized tsunamis that severely battered the Chilean coast, with waves up to 25 meters (82ft). The main tsunami raced across the Pacific Ocean and devastated Hilo, Hawaii.
1963 Skopje earthquake was a 6.1 moment magnitude earthquake which occurred in Skopje, SR Macedonia (present-day Republic of Macedonia) on 26 July 1963 which killed over 1,070 people, injured between 3,000 and 4,000 and left more than 200,000 people homeless. About 80% of the city was destroyed.
1963 – Vajont dam disaster – The Vajont dam flood in Italy was caused by a mountain sliding in the dam, and causing a flood wave that killed approximately 2,000 people in the towns in its path.
1964 – The Good Friday earthquake, the most powerful earthquake recorded in the U.S. and North America, struck Alaska and killed 143 people.
1965 – Hurricane Betsy caused severe damage to the U.S. Gulf Coast, especially in the state of Louisiana.
1969 – The Cuyahoga River caught fire in Ohio. Fires had erupted on the river many times, including 22 June 1969, when a river fire captured the attention of Time magazine, which described the Cuyahoga as the river that "oozes rather than flows" and in which a person "does not drown but decays." This helped spur legislative action on water pollution control resulting in the Clean Water Act, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, and the creation of the federal Environmental Protection Agency.
1969 – Hurricane Camille hit the U.S. Gulf Coast at Category 5 Status. To date it is the strongest hurricane ever recorded at landfall in means of sustained windspeed in the Atlantic Basin, reaching sustained winds of 190mph and a low pressure of 905 mbs. It is one of only three hurricanes in the Atlantic to ever make landfall at Category 5 Status and one of only four hurricanes worldwide to reach a maximum sustained windspeed of 190mph.
Non-natural:
On 16 December 1960, a United Airlines DC-8 and a Trans World Airlines Lockheed Constellation collided over New York City and crashed, killing 134 people.
On 15 February 1961, Sabena Flight 548 crashed on its way to Brussels, Belgium, killing all 72 passengers on board and 1 person on the ground. Among those killed were all 18 members of the US figure skating team, on their way to the World Championships.
On 16 March 1962, Flying Tiger Line Flight 739, a Lockheed Super Constellation, inexplicably disappeared over the Western Pacific, leaving all 107 on board presumed dead. Since the wreckage of the aircraft is lost to this day, the cause of the crash remains a mystery.
On 3 June 1962, Air France Flight 007, a Boeing 707, crashed on takeoff from Paris. 130 people were killed in the crash while 2 survived.
In the second half of the decade, young people began to revolt against the conservative norms of the time, as well as remove themselves from mainstream liberalism, in particular the high level of materialism which was so common during the era. This created a "counterculture" that sparked a social revolution throughout much of the Western world. It began in the United States as a reaction against the conservatism and social conformity of the 1950s, and the U.S. government's extensive military intervention in Vietnam. The youth involved in the popular social aspects of the movement became known as hippies. These groups created a movement toward liberation in society, including the sexual revolution, questioning authority and government, and demanding more freedoms and rights for women and minorities. The Underground Press, a widespread, eclectic collection of newspapers served as a unifying medium for the counterculture. The movement was also marked by the first widespread, socially accepted drug use (including LSD and marijuana) and psychedelic music.
The war in Vietnam would eventually lead to a commitment of over half a million American troops, resulting in over 58,500 American deaths and producing a large-scale antiwar movement in the United States. As late as the end of 1965, few Americans protested the American involvement in Vietnam, but as the war dragged on and the body count continued to climb, civil unrest escalated. Students became a powerful and disruptive force and university campuses sparked a national debate over the war. As the movement's ideals spread beyond college campuses, doubts about the war also began to appear within the administration itself. A mass movement began rising in opposition to the Vietnam War, ending in the massive Moratorium protests in 1969, as well as the movement of resistance to conscription ("the Draft") for the war.[citation needed]
The antiwar movement was initially based on the older 1950s Peace movement, heavily influenced by the American Communist Party, but by the mid-1960s it outgrew this and became a broad-based mass movement centered in universities and churches: one kind of protest was called a "sit-in". Other terms heard in the United States included "the Draft", "draft dodger", "conscientious objector", and "Vietnam vet". Voter age-limits were challenged by the phrase: "If you're old enough to die for your country, you're old enough to vote."
Beginning in the mid-1950s and continuing into the late 1960s, African-Americans in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against black Americans and voting rights to them. This article covers the phase of the movement between 1955 and 1968, particularly in the South. The emergence of the Black Power movement, which lasted roughly from 1966 to 1975, enlarged the aims of the civil rights movement to include racial dignity, economic and politicalself-sufficiency, and anti-imperialism.
The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of civil disobedience and nonviolent protest produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Federal, state, and local governments, businesses, and communities often had to respond immediately to these situations that highlighted the inequities faced by African Americans. Forms of protest and/or civil disobedience included boycotts such as the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956) in Alabama; "sit-ins" such as the influential Greensboro sit-ins (1960) in North Carolina; marches, such as the Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) in Alabama; and a wide range of other nonviolent activities.
Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the civil rights movement were passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964,[23] that banned discrimination based on "race, color, religion, or national origin" in employment practices and public accommodations; the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that restored and protected voting rights; the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, that dramatically opened entry to the U.S. to immigrants other than traditional European groups; and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, that banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing.
Hispanic and Chicano movement
Another large ethnic minority group, the Mexican-Americans, are among other Hispanics in the U.S. who fought to end racial discrimination and socioeconomic disparity. The largest Mexican-American populations was in the Southwestern United States, such as California with over 1 million Chicanos in Los Angeles alone, and Texas where Jim Crow laws included Mexican-Americans as "non-white" in some instances to be legally segregated.
Socially, the Chicano Movement addressed what it perceived to be negative ethnic stereotypes of Mexicans in mass media and the American consciousness. It did so through the creation of works of literary and visual art that validated Mexican-American ethnicity and culture. Chicanos fought to end social stigmas such as the usage of the Spanish language and advocated official bilingualism in federal and state governments.
The Chicano Movement also addressed discrimination in public and private institutions. Early in the twentieth century, Mexican Americans formed organizations to protect themselves from discrimination. One of those organizations, the League of United Latin American Citizens, was formed in 1929 and remains active today.[24]
The movement gained momentum after World War II when groups such as the American G.I. Forum, which was formed by returning Mexican American veterans, joined in the efforts by other civil rights organizations.[25]
Mexican-American civil-rights activists achieved several major legal victories including the 1947 Mendez v. WestminsterU.S. Supreme Court ruling which declared that segregating children of "Mexican and Latin descent" was unconstitutional and the 1954 Hernandez v. Texas ruling which declared that Mexican Americans and other racial groups in the United States were entitled to equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.[26][27]
Meanwhile, Puerto Ricans in the U.S. mainland fought against racism, police brutality and socioeconomic problems affecting the three million Puerto Ricans residing in the 50 states. The main concentration of the population was in New York City.
In the 1960s and the following 1970s, Hispanic-American culture was on the rebound like ethnic music, foods, culture and identity both became popular and assimilated into the American mainstream. Spanish-language television networks, radio stations and newspapers increased in presence across the country, especially in U.S.–Mexican border towns and East Coast cities like New York City, and the growth of the Cuban American community in Miami, Florida.
The multitude of discrimination at this time represented an inhuman side to a society that in the 1960s was upheld as a world and industry leader. The issues of civil rights and warfare became major points of reflection of virtue and democracy, what once was viewed as traditional and inconsequential was now becoming the significance in the turning point of a culture. A document known as the Port Huron Statement exemplifies these two conditions perfectly in its first hand depiction, "while these and other problems either directly oppressed us or rankled our consciences and became our own subjective concerns, we began to see complicated and disturbing paradoxes in our surrounding America. The declaration "all men are created equal..." rang hollow before the facts of Negro life in the South and the big cities of the North. The proclaimed peaceful intentions of the United States contradicted its economic and military investments in the Cold War status quo." These intolerable issues became too visible to ignore therefore its repercussions were feared greatly, the realization that we as individuals take the responsibility for encounter and resolution in our lives issues was an emerging idealism of the 1960s.
A second wave of feminism in the United States and around the world gained momentum in the early 1960s. While the first wave of the early 20th century was centered on gaining suffrage and overturning de jure inequalities, the second wave was focused on changing cultural and social norms and de facto inequalities associated with women. At the time, a woman's place was generally seen as being in the home, and they were excluded from many jobs and professions. In the U.S., a Presidential Commission on the Status of Women found discrimination against women in the workplace and every other aspect of life, a revelation which launched two decades of prominent women-centered legal reforms (i.e., the Equal Pay Act of 1963, Title IX, etc.) which broke down the last remaining legal barriers to women's personal freedom and professional success.
The United States, in the middle of a social revolution, led the world in LGBT rights in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Inspired by the civil-rights movement and the women's movement, early gay-rights pioneers had begun, by the 1960s, to build a movement. These groups were rather conservative in their practices, emphasizing that gay men and women are no different from those who are straight and deserve full equality. This philosophy would be dominant again after AIDS, but by the very end of the 1960s, the movement's goals would change and become more radical, demanding a right to be different, and encouraging gay pride.
The symbolic birth of the gay rights movement would not come until the decade had almost come to a close. Gays were not allowed by law to congregate. Gay establishments such as the Stonewall Inn in New York City were routinely raided by the police to arrest gay people. On a night in late June 1969, LGBT people resisted, for the first time, a police raid, and rebelled openly in the streets. This uprising called the Stonewall Riots began a new period of the LGBT rights movement that in the next decade would cause dramatic change both inside the LGBT community and in the mainstream American culture.
New Left
The rapid rise of a "New Left" applied the class perspective of Marxism to postwar America, but had little organizational connection with older Marxist organizations such as the Communist Party, and even went as far as to reject organized labor as the basis of a unified left-wing movement. Sympathetic to the ideology of C. Wright Mills, the New Left differed from the traditional left in its resistance to dogma and its emphasis on personal as well as societal change. Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) became the organizational focus of the New Left and was the prime mover behind the opposition to the War in Vietnam. The 1960s left also consisted of ephemeral campus-based Trotskyist, Maoist and anarchist groups, some of which by the end of the 1960s had turned to militancy.
Crime
The 1960s was also associated with a large increase in crime and urban unrest of all types. Between 1960 and 1969 reported incidences of violent crime per 100,000 people in the United States nearly doubled and have yet to return to the levels of the early 1960s.[29] Large riots broke out in many cities like Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York City, Newark, New Jersey, Oakland, California and Washington, D.C. By the end of the decade, politicians like George Wallace and Richard Nixon campaigned on restoring law and order to a nation troubled with the new unrest.
Science and technology
Science
Space exploration
On 21 December 1968 the Apollo 8 crew took a picture, for the first time in history, of the entire EarthThe Apollo 11 mission landed the first humans on the Moon in July 1969.
The Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union dominated the 1960s. The Soviets sent the first man, Yuri Gagarin, into outer space during the Vostok 1 mission on 12 April 1961 and scored a host of other successes, but by the middle of the decade the U.S. was taking the lead. In May 1961, President Kennedy set for the U.S. the goal of a manned spacecraft landing on the Moon by the end of the decade.
In June 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space during the Vostok 6 mission. In 1965, Soviets launched the first probe to hit another planet of the Solar system (Venus), Venera 3, and the first probe to make a soft landing on and transmit from the surface of the Moon, Luna 9. In March 1966, the Soviet Union launched Luna 10, which became the first space probe to enter orbit around the Moon, and in September, 1968, Zond 5 flew the first terrestrial beings, including two tortoises, to circumnavigate the Moon.
The deaths of astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger B. Chaffee in the Apollo 1 fire on 27 January 1967 put a temporary hold on the U.S. space program, but afterward progress was steady, with the Apollo 8 crew (Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, William Anders) being the first manned mission to orbit another celestial body (the Moon) during Christmas of 1968.
On 20 July 1969, Apollo 11, the first human spaceflight landed on the Moon. Launched on 16 July 1969, it carried mission Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and the Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin. Apollo 11 fulfilled President John F. Kennedy's goal of reaching the Moon by the end of the 1960s, which he had expressed during a speech given before a joint session of Congress on 25 May 1961: "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."
The Soviet program lost its sense of direction with the death of chief designer Sergey Korolyov in 1966. Political pressure, conflicts between different design bureaus, and engineering problems caused by an inadequate budget would doom the Soviet attempt to land men on the Moon.
A succession of unmanned American and Soviet probes traveled to the Moon, Venus, and Mars during the 1960s, and commercial satellites also came into use.
1963 - The measles vaccine was released after being approved by the FDA
1964 - The discovery and confirmation of the Cosmic microwave background in 1964 secured the Big Bang as the best theory of the origin and evolution of the universe.
1967 – Discovery of the first known pulsar (a rapidly spinning neutron star).
Technology
Automobiles
As the 1960s began, American cars showed a rapid rejection of 1950s styling excess, and would remain relatively clean and boxy for the entire decade. The horsepower race reached its climax in the late 1960s, with muscle cars sold by most makes. The compact Ford Mustang, launched in 1964, was one of the decade's greatest successes. The "Big Three" American automakers enjoyed their highest ever sales and profitability in the 1960s, but the demise of Studebaker in 1966 left American Motors Corporation as the last significant independent. The decade would see the car market split into different size classes for the first time, and model lineups now included compact and mid-sized cars in addition to full-sized ones.
The popular modern hatchback, with front-wheel-drive and a two-box configuration, was born in 1965 with the introduction of the Renault 16, many of this car's design principles live on in its modern counterparts: a large rear opening incorporating the rear window, foldable rear seats to extend boot space. The Mini, released in 1959, had first popularised the front wheel drive two-box configuration, but technically was not a hatchback as it had a fold-down bootlid.
Japanese cars also began to gain acceptance in the Western market, and popular economy models such as the Toyota Corolla, Datsun 510, and the first popular Japanese sports car, the Datsun 240Z, were released in the mid- to late-1960s.
Electronics and communications
Examples of 1960s technology, including two rotary-dial telephones and a Kodak camera.
Canada celebrated its 100th anniversary of Confederation in 1967 by hosting Expo 67, the World's Fair, in Montreal, Quebec. During the anniversary celebrations, French president Charles De Gaulle visited Canada, and caused a considerable uproar by declaring his support for Québécois independence.
Popular culture
The counterculture movement dominated the second half of the 1960s, its most famous moments being the Summer of Love in San Francisco in 1967, and the Woodstock Festival in upstate New York in 1969. Psychedelic drugs, especially LSD, were widely used medicinally, spiritually and recreationally throughout the late 1960s, and were popularized by Timothy Leary with his slogan "Turn on, tune in, drop out". Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters also played a part in the role of "turning heads on". Psychedelic influenced the music, artwork and films of the decade, and a number of prominent musicians died of drug overdoses (see 27 Club). There was a growing interest in Eastern religions and philosophy, and many attempts were made to found communes, which varied from supporting free love to religious puritanism.
Music
The arrival of the Beatles in the US during 1964, and particularly their appearance in the TV show "The Ed Sullivan Show", marked the beginning of the British invasion in the history of music, in which a large number of rock and pop music acts from the United Kingdom gained enormous popularity in the US
Around the same time, record producer Phil Spector began producing girl groups and created a new kind of pop music production that came to be known as the Wall of Sound. This style emphasized higher budgets and more elaborate arrangements, and more melodramatic musical themes in place of a simple, light-hearted pop sound. Spector's innovations became integral to the growing sophistication of popular music from 1965 onward.
Also during the early '60s, surf rock emerged, a rock subgenre that was centered in Southern California and based on beach and surfing themes, in addition to the usual songs about teenage romance and innocent fun. The Beach Boys quickly became the premier surf rock band and almost completely and single-handedly overshadowed the many lesser artists in the genre. Surf rock reached its peak in 1963–65, then gradually gave way to bands influenced by the counterculture movement.
While rock 'n' roll had "disappeared" from the U.S. charts in the early '60s, it never died out in Europe and Britain in particular was a hotbed of rock 'n' roll activity during this time. In late 1963, the Beatles embarked on their first US tour. A few months later, rock 'n' roll founding father Chuck Berry emerged from a 2-1/2-year prison stint and resumed recording and touring. The stage was set for the spectacular revival of rock music.
In the UK, the Beatles played raucous rock 'n' roll – as well as doo wop, girl-group songs, show tunes – and wore leather jackets. Their manager Brian Epstein encouraged the group to wear suits. Beatlemania abruptly exploded after the group's appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show in 1964. Late in 1965, the Beatles released the album Rubber Soul which marked the beginning of their transition to a sophisticated power pop group with elaborate studio arrangements and production, and a year after that, they gave up touring entirely to focus only on albums. A host of imitators followed the Beatles in the so-called British Invasion, including groups like the Rolling Stones and the Kinks who would become legends in their own right.
As the counterculture movement developed, artists began making new kinds of music influenced by the use of psychedelic drugs. Guitarist Jimi Hendrix emerged onto the scene in 1967 with a radically new approach to electric guitar that replaced Chuck Berry, previously seen as the gold standard of rock guitar. Rock artists began to take on serious themes and social commentary/protest instead of simplistic pop themes.
A major development in popular music during the mid-1960s was the movement away from singles and towards albums. Previously, popular music was based around the 45 single (or even earlier, the 78 single) and albums such as they existed were little more than a hit single or two backed with filler tracks, instrumentals, and covers. The development of the AOR (album oriented rock) format was complicated and involved several concurrent events such as Phil Spector's Wall of Sound, the introduction by Bob Dylan of "serious" lyrics to rock music, and the Beatles' new studio-based approach. In any case, after 1965 the vinyl LP had definitively taken over as the primary format for all popular music styles.
Blues also continued to develop strongly during the '60s, but after 1965, it increasingly shifted to the young white rock audience and away from its traditional black audience, which moved on to other styles such as soul and funk.
Jazz music during the first half of the '60s was largely a continuation of '50s styles, retaining its core audience of young, urban, college-educated whites. By 1967, the death of several important jazz figures such as John Coltrane and Nat King Cole precipitated a decline in the genre. The takeover of rock in the late '60s largely spelled the end of jazz as a mainstream form of music, after it had dominated much of the first half of the 20th century.
In July 1964, a plane crash claimed the life of another country music legend, Jim Reeves, when the plane he was piloting crashed in a turbulent thunderstorm while on final approach to Nashville International Airport.
Sam Cooke was shot and killed at a motel in Los Angeles, California [11 December 1964] at age 33 under suspicious circumstances.
The Marvelettes scored Motown Record Corporation's first US No.1 pop hit, "Please Mr. Postman" in 1961. Motown would score 110 Billboard Top-Ten hits during its run.
Lesley Gore at age 17 hits number one on Billboard with "It's My Party" and number two with "You Don't Own Me" behind the Beatles "I Want To Hold Your Hand".
The Byrds released a cover of Bob Dylan's "Mr. Tambourine Man", which reached No.1 on the U.S. charts and repeated the feat in the U.K. shortly thereafter. The extremely influential track effectively creates the musical subgenre of folk rock.
Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone" is a top-five hit on both sides of the Atlantic during the summer of 1965.
Country music newcomer Jeannie C. Riley released the country and pop hit "Harper Valley PTA" in 1968, which is about a miniskirt-wearing mother of a teenage girl who was criticized by the local PTA for supposedly setting a bad example for her daughter, but turns the tables by exposing some of the PTA members' wrongdoings. The song, along with Riley's mod persona in connection with it, apparently gave country music a sexual revolution of its own, as hemlines of other female country artists' stage attire began rising in the years that followed.
Sly & the Family Stone revolutionized black music with their 1968 hit single "Dance to the Music" and by 1969 became international sensations with the release of their hit record Stand!. The band cemented their position as a vital counterculture band when they performed at the Woodstock Festival.
The Gun released "Race with the Devil" in October 1968.
After a long performance drought, Elvis Presley made a successful return to TV and live performances after spending most of the decade starring in movies, beginning with his '68 Comeback Special in December 1968 on NBC, followed in 1969 by a summer engagement in Las Vegas, setting the stage for Presley's many concert tours and continued Vegas engagements throughout the 1970s until his death in 1977.
The counterculture movement had a significant effect on cinema. Movies began to break social taboos such as sex and violence causing both controversy and fascination. They turned increasingly dramatic, unbalanced, and hectic as the cultural revolution was starting. This was the beginning of the New Hollywood era that dominated the next decade in theatres and revolutionized the film industry. Films of this time also focused on the changes happening in the world. Dennis Hopper's Easy Rider (1969) focused on the drug culture of the time. Movies also became more sexually explicit, such as Roger Vadim'sBarbarella (1968) as the counterculture progressed.
The hippie movement late in the decade also had a strong influence on clothing styles, including bell-bottom jeans, tie-dye and batik fabrics, as well as paisley prints.
The bikini came into fashion in 1963 after being featured in the film Beach Party.
Mary Quant invented the miniskirt, which became one of the most popular fashion rages in the late 1960s among young women and teenage girls. Its popularity continued throughout the first half of the 1970s and then disappeared temporarily from mainstream fashion before making a comeback in the mid-1980s.
Men's mainstream hairstyles ranged from the pompadour, the crew cut, the flattop hairstyle, the tapered hairstyle, and short, parted hair in the early part of the decade, to longer parted hairstyles with sideburns towards the latter half of the decade.
Women's mainstream hairstyles ranged from beehive hairdos, the bird's nest hairstyle, and the chignon hairstyle in the early part of the decade, to very short styles popularized by Twiggy and Mia Farrow in Rosemary's Baby towards the latter half of the decade.
African-American hairstyles for men and women included the afro.
The mop-top haircut, which became popular due to the Beatles but was considered at the time a rebellious hairstyle, was particularly fashionable among young men during the decade
The bikini became a fashionable item in the Western world during the decade
In 1969, the American League expanded when the Kansas City Royals and Seattle Pilots, were admitted to the league prompting the expansion of the post-season (in the form of the League Championship Series) for the first time since the creation of the World Series. The Pilots stayed just one season in Seattle before moving and becoming the Milwaukee Brewers in 1970. The National League also added two teams in 1969, the Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres. By 1969, the New York Mets won the World Series in only the 8th year of the team's existence.
At the NCAA level, the UCLA Bruins also proved dominant. Coached by John Wooden, they were helped by Lew Alcindor and by Bill Walton to win championships and dominate the American college basketball landscape during the decade.
Disc sports (Frisbee)
Alternative sports, using the flying disc, began in the mid-sixties. As numbers of young people became alienated from social norms, they resisted and looked for alternatives. They would form what would become known as the counterculture. The forms of escape and resistance would manifest in many ways including social activism, alternative lifestyles, experimental living through foods, dress, music and alternative recreational activities, including that of throwing a Frisbee.[34] Starting with promotional efforts from Wham-O and Irwin Toy (Canada), a few tournaments and professionals using Frisbee show tours to perform at universities, fairs and sporting events, disc sports such as freestyle, double disc court, guts, disc ultimate and disc golf became this sports first events.[35][36] Two sports, the team sport of disc ultimate and disc golf are very popular worldwide and are now being played semi professionally.[37][38] The World Flying Disc Federation, Professional Disc Golf Association and the Freestyle Players Association are the official rules and sanctioning organizations for flying disc sports worldwide. Major League Ultimate (MLU) and the American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL) are the first semi professional ultimate leagues
Racing
In motorsports, the Can-Am and Trans-Am series were both established in 1966. The Ford GT40 won outright in the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Graham Hill edged out Jackie Stewart and Denny Hulme for the World Championship in Formula One.
People
World leaders
Note: Names of world leaders shown below in bold remained in power continuously throughout the decade.
↑ Christopher Booker: The Neophiliacs: A Study of the Revolution in English Life in the Fifties and Sixties, Gambit Incorporated, London, 1970
↑ "The Economy: We Are All Keynesians Now". Time. 31 December 1965. Retrieved 1 January 2011. Keynesianism made its biggest breakthrough under John Kennedy, who, as Arthur Schlesinger reports in A Thousand Days, "was unquestionably the first Keynesian President."
↑ Arthur Marwick, The Sixties: Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy, and the United States, c.1958-c.1974 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN978-0-19-210022-1), 247–248.
Anastakis, Dimitry, ed. The Sixties: passion, politics, and style (McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, 2008.) Canadian emphasis
Baugess, James S., and Abbe Debolt, eds. Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture (2 vol, 2012; also E-book) 871pp; 500 entries by scholars excerpt and text search; online review
Berton, Pierre. 1967: the Last Good Year (Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 1997). Canadian events
Brooks, Victor. Last Season of Innocence: The Teen Experience in the 1960s (Rowman & Littlefield, 2012) 207 pp.
Brown, Timothy Scott. West Germany and the Global Sixties (2013)
Christiansen, Samantha and Zachary Scarlett, ed. The Third World and the Global 1960s (New York: Berghahn, 2013) Introduction
Farber, David, ed. The Sixties: From Memory to History (1994), Scholarly essays on the United States
Flamm, Michael W. and David Steigerwald. Debating the 1960s: Liberal, Conservative, and Radical Perspectives (2007) on USA
Marwick, Arthur. The Sixties: Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy, and the United States, c.1958-c.1974 (Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN978-0-19-210022-1)
Matusow, Allen, The Unraveling of America: A History of Liberalism in the 1960s (1984) excerpt
Padva, Gilad. Animated Nostalgia and Invented Authenticity in Arte's Summer of the Sixties. In Padva, Gilad, Queer Nostalgia in Cinema and Pop Culture, pp.13–34 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, ISBN978-1-137-26633-0).
Palmer, Bryan D. Canada's 1960s: The Ironies of Identity in a Rebellious Era. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009.
Sandbrook, Dominic. Never Had It So Good: A History of Britain from Suez to the Beatles (2006) 928pp; excerpt and text search
Sandbrook, Dominic. White Heat: A History of Britain in the Swinging Sixties (2 vol 2007)
Strain, Christopher B. The Long Sixties: America, 1955–1973 (Wiley, 2017). xii, 204 pp.
Unger, Debi, and Irwin Unger, eds. The Times Were a Changin': The Sixties Reader (1998) excerpt and text search
Historiography
DeKoven, Marianne. The Sixties and the Emergence of the Postmodern (Duke University Press, 2004)
Heale, Michael J. (March 2005). "The Sixties as History: A Review of the Political Historiography". Reviews in American History. 33 (1): 133–152. JSTOR30031497.
Hunt, Andrew. "When Did the Sixties Happen? Searching for New Directions", Journal of Social History (1999) 33#1 pp 147–161.
Pensado, Jaime. "The (forgotten) Sixties in Mexico." The Sixties: A Journal of History, Politics and Culture(2008) 1#1: 83–90.
Rising, George Goodwin. "Stuck in the sixties: Conservatives and the legacies of the 1960s." (PhD U. of Arizona, 2003). online